Primitive Reflexes

Primitive reflexes are automatic movements that are present in the developing fetus at birth and which remain active for various periods of time as the infant grows. These reflexes control a child’s motor ability when they are first born but typically integrate through natural movements, thus “switching off” the primary reflexes and allowing the child to achieve developmental milestones. As a child gets older and the primitive reflexes integrate, this makes way for other reflexes to activate as the child begins crawling, walking, reaching, grasping, and talking. This process of reflex activation and then integration underlies all cognitive, emotional, and physical development. If the reflexes are not integrated, remaining “switched on” or “retained,” it can interfere with the child’s learning ability and brain development.

Our primitive reflexes lay the foundation for the development of our nervous system, which is responsible for processing information through taste, touch, smell, sight and sound. If the nervous system is not developed properly, a child will have trouble with self-control, managing strong impulses, processing sensory input, and interpreting information from one or more of their senses. Adults, too, may experience challenges related to the primitive reflexes because they can become “switched on” again following an emotionally stressful time, during trauma, surgery, or any extreme situation.

These reflexes are normally activated and integrated at specific times in development. Each reflex serves a distinct purpose, developing a higher area of the brain. These areas of the brain will then take over to replace the primitive reflexes and allow higher learning to occur.

When children first enter school, it is generally assumed that they can already sit still, pay attention, hold a writing instrument, and use their eyes to track words across the page (even if they cannot yet read). For most children, these skills come naturally; however, if your child has retained primitive reflexes or other under developed connections in the brain, they are at a disadvantage because they lack foundational, developmental milestones. If the body or brain cannot function properly due to a retained reflex – for example, a reflex that focuses the child’s attention on noises and distractions in the environment – the brain cannot focus on reading, writing, or listening to the teacher, and they may lack the emotional maturity to act logically in stressful situations.

Instinctive sensory motor movement integrates, or switches off, the reflexes by creating new neural pathways in the brain as the child grows. As adults, we can also create new neural connections through integrative, somatic movement in order to “switch off” these retained or reactivated reflexes and thus transform the way we process emotions, the way we think, and the way we behave. Movement lies at the heart of all learning, thinking, and relating. Speech, language, behavior, emotions, and attention are all linked to the function of the sensory motor system.